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  <div class="section" id="s-module-django.conf.urls">
<span id="s-django-conf-urls-utility-functions"></span><span id="module-django.conf.urls"></span><span id="django-conf-urls-utility-functions"></span><h1><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.conf.urls</span></tt> utility functions<a class="headerlink" href="#module-django.conf.urls" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="s-patterns">
<span id="patterns"></span><h2>patterns()<a class="headerlink" href="#patterns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.patterns">
<tt class="descname">patterns</tt>(<em>prefix</em>, <em>pattern_description</em>, <em>...</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/django/conf/urls.html#patterns"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.patterns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>A function that takes a prefix, and an arbitrary number of URL patterns, and
returns a list of URL patterns in the format Django needs.</p>
<p>The first argument to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">patterns()</span></tt> is a string <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prefix</span></tt>. See
<a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#urlpatterns-view-prefix"><em>The view prefix</em></a>.</p>
<p>The remaining arguments should be tuples in this format:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>(regular expression, Python callback function [, optional_dictionary [, optional_name]])
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">optional_dictionary</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">optional_name</span></tt> parameters are described in
<a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#views-extra-options"><em>Passing extra options to view functions</em></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Because <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">patterns()</span></tt> is a function call, it accepts a maximum of 255
arguments (URL patterns, in this case). This is a limit for all Python
function calls. This is rarely a problem in practice, because you&#8217;ll
typically structure your URL patterns modularly by using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">include()</span></tt>
sections. However, on the off-chance you do hit the 255-argument limit,
realize that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">patterns()</span></tt> returns a Python list, so you can split up the
construction of the list.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">urlpatterns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">patterns</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="o">...</span>
    <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">urlpatterns</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">patterns</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="o">...</span>
    <span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p class="last">Python lists have unlimited size, so there&#8217;s no limit to how many URL
patterns you can construct. The only limit is that you can only create 254
at a time (the 255th argument is the initial prefix argument).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-static">
<span id="static"></span><h2>static()<a class="headerlink" href="#static" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.static.static">
<tt class="descclassname">static.</tt><tt class="descname">static</tt>(<em>prefix</em>, <em>view='django.views.static.serve'</em>, <em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.static.static" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Helper function to return a URL pattern for serving files in debug mode:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.conf</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">settings</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.conf.urls.static</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">static</span>

<span class="n">urlpatterns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">patterns</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c"># ... the rest of your URLconf goes here ...</span>
<span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">static</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MEDIA_URL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">document_root</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MEDIA_ROOT</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-url">
<span id="url"></span><h2>url()<a class="headerlink" href="#url" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.url">
<tt class="descname">url</tt>(<em>regex</em>, <em>view</em>, <em>kwargs=None</em>, <em>name=None</em>, <em>prefix=''</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/django/conf/urls.html#url"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>You can use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">url()</span></tt> function, instead of a tuple, as an argument to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">patterns()</span></tt>. This is convenient if you want to specify a name without the
optional extra arguments dictionary. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">urlpatterns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">patterns</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="n">url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">r&#39;^index/$&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index_view</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;main-view&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
    <span class="o">...</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This function takes five arguments, most of which are optional:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">regex</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">view</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></tt> parameter allows you to pass additional arguments to the view
function or method. See <a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#views-extra-options"><em>Passing extra options to view functions</em></a> for an example.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#naming-url-patterns"><em>Naming URL patterns</em></a> for why the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>
parameter is useful.</p>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prefix</span></tt> parameter has the same meaning as the first argument to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">patterns()</span></tt> and is only relevant when you&#8217;re passing a string as the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view</span></tt> parameter.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-include">
<span id="include"></span><h2>include()<a class="headerlink" href="#include" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.include">
<tt class="descname">include</tt>(<em>module</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>namespace=None</em>, <em>app_name=None</em><span class="optional">]</span>)<a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/django/conf/urls.html#include"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.include" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt>
<tt class="descname">include</tt>(<em>pattern_list</em>)</dt>
<dt>
<tt class="descname">include</tt>(<em>(pattern_list</em>, <em>app_namespace</em>, <em>instance_namespace)</em>)</dt>
<dd><p>A function that takes a full Python import path to another URLconf module
that should be &#8220;included&#8221; in this place. Optionally, the <a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#term-application-namespace"><em class="xref std std-term">application
namespace</em></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#term-instance-namespace"><em class="xref std std-term">instance namespace</em></a> where the entries will be included
into can also be specified.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">include()</span></tt> also accepts as an argument either an iterable that returns
URL patterns or a 3-tuple containing such iterable plus the names of the
application and instance namespaces.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>module</strong> &#8211; URLconf module (or module name)</li>
<li><strong>namespace</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string" title="(in Python v3.4)"><em>string</em></a>) &#8211; Instance namespace for the URL entries being included</li>
<li><strong>app_name</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string" title="(in Python v3.4)"><em>string</em></a>) &#8211; Application namespace for the URL entries being included</li>
<li><strong>pattern_list</strong> &#8211; Iterable of URL entries as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#django.conf.urls.patterns" title="django.conf.urls.patterns"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">patterns()</span></tt></a></li>
<li><strong>app_namespace</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string" title="(in Python v3.4)"><em>string</em></a>) &#8211; Application namespace for the URL entries being included</li>
<li><strong>instance_namespace</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string" title="(in Python v3.4)"><em>string</em></a>) &#8211; Instance namespace for the URL entries being included</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#including-other-urlconfs"><em>Including other URLconfs</em></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../topics/http/urls.html#namespaces-and-include"><em>URL namespaces and included URLconfs</em></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-handler400">
<span id="handler400"></span><h2>handler400<a class="headerlink" href="#handler400" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.handler400">
<tt class="descname">handler400</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.handler400" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.6.</span> </div>
<p>A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
that should be called if the HTTP client has sent a request that caused an error
condition and a response with a status code of 400.</p>
<p>By default, this is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'django.views.defaults.bad_request'</span></tt>. That default
value should suffice.</p>
<p>See the documentation about <a class="reference internal" href="views.html#http-bad-request-view"><em>the 400 (bad request) view</em></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-handler403">
<span id="handler403"></span><h2>handler403<a class="headerlink" href="#handler403" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.handler403">
<tt class="descname">handler403</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.handler403" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
that should be called if the user doesn&#8217;t have the permissions required to
access a resource.</p>
<p>By default, this is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'django.views.defaults.permission_denied'</span></tt>. That default
value should suffice.</p>
<p>See the documentation about <a class="reference internal" href="views.html#http-forbidden-view"><em>the 403 (HTTP Forbidden) view</em></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-handler404">
<span id="handler404"></span><h2>handler404<a class="headerlink" href="#handler404" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.handler404">
<tt class="descname">handler404</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.handler404" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
that should be called if none of the URL patterns match.</p>
<p>By default, this is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'django.views.defaults.page_not_found'</span></tt>. That default
value should suffice.</p>
<p>See the documentation about <a class="reference internal" href="views.html#http-not-found-view"><em>the 404 (HTTP Not Found) view</em></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-handler500">
<span id="handler500"></span><h2>handler500<a class="headerlink" href="#handler500" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.conf.urls.handler500">
<tt class="descname">handler500</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.conf.urls.handler500" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
that should be called in case of server errors. Server errors happen when you
have runtime errors in view code.</p>
<p>By default, this is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'django.views.defaults.server_error'</span></tt>. That default
value should suffice.</p>
<p>See the documentation about <a class="reference internal" href="views.html#http-internal-server-error-view"><em>the 500 (HTTP Internal Server Error) view</em></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
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  <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.conf.urls</span></tt> utility functions</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#patterns">patterns()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#static">static()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#url">url()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#include">include()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#handler400">handler400</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#handler403">handler403</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#handler404">handler404</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#handler500">handler500</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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